The Archive

Tool use enables large language models (LLMs) to perform complex tasks, and recent agentic reinforcement learning (RL) methods show promise for enhancing model capabilities. However, RL alone often leads to instability or limited gains in tool-use tasks. In our experiments, some models exhibit catastrophic collapse, where performance abruptly drops and tool-invocation structures fail. The analysis reveals that these failures stem from unexpected probability spikes in specific control tokens, disrupting structured execution, yet the underlying tool-use capability remains intact, merely obscure...

Agility Robotics, the humanoid robotics startup that spun out of Oregon State University in 2015, expects to generate $620 million in proceeds.

Tabular foundation models are commonly assumed to present limited privacy concerns as they are often pre-trained on large collections of synthetic data. However, these models leverage in-context learning, where sensitive records may be provided directly at inference time as labelled context examples. In this paper, we demonstrate that predictions generated via the attention mechanism leak sufficient information to enable effective Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs). To highlight this vulnerability, we propose AMIA (Attention-based Membership Inference Attack), a shadow-model-free attack that...

Text detoxification, the automated detection and mitigation of abusive and harmful content, is essential for ensuring the safety of online communities and protecting users. However, low resource languages such as Tatar have received little research attention. In this paper we present Tatoxa, a novel state-of-the-art system for text detoxification in the Tatar language. Comparative experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms existing open source and proprietary commercial LLMs on key quality metrics. We also introduce a new dataset for text detoxification in Tatar, designed for fin...

An increasingly common design pattern for autonomous vehicles (AVs), robotics, and spatial AI systems is bird's-eye-view (BEV) perception. BEV models project... An increasingly common design pattern for autonomous vehicles (AVs), robotics, and spatial AI systems is bird’s-eye-view (BEV) perception. BEV models project multicamera image features into a shared top-down grid, providing downstream perception and planning modules with a common spatial layout for reasoning about lanes, vehicles, pedestrians, and free space. A key operation in this pipeline… Source

Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) is a central algorithm in electronic structure theory and has gained renewed importance through modern neural-network ansätze such as FermiNet. At its core, VMC seeks ground states by minimizing the Rayleigh quotient by stochastic optimization. In this work, we show that the resulting stochastic optimization problem is intrinsically governed by the nodal geometry of the underlying wave function. More precisely, we establish that properties of the nodal set determine the integrability of the local energy and gradient estimators that drive VMC. For broad and practi...

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are often constrained by the imitation ceiling imposed by sub-optimal data. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) fine-tuning can surpass this limit, it is notoriously sample inefficient. This challenge arises from two core issues: (1) catastrophic initial unlearning due to an unstable Q-function and (2) inefficient policy updates caused by low-quality exploration data, often forcing a reliance on costly human interventions. We introduce FORCE, a 3-stage framework that stabilizes fine-tuning by tackling both issues. FORCE first incorporates a Value-Calibrated W...

Automatic speech and language technologies are still heavily biased toward high-resource languages, limiting their applicability to dialectal and low-resource settings such as Algerian Dialect. This language presents additional challenges including lack of standardized orthography, frequent codeswitching with French, and scarcity of annotated speech resources. This paper addresses the problem of building a complete speech-to-speech conversational system for Algerian Dialect. We propose a modular pipeline integrating automatic speech recognition, natural language understanding, retrieval-augme...

We present HiReLC, a hierarchical ensemble-reinforcement learning framework for automated joint quantization and structured pruning of deep neural networks. The framework decomposes the compression search across two levels of abstraction: low-level agents (LLAs) operate independently per block, selecting per-kernel configurations over a multi-discrete action space spanning bitwidth, pruning keep-ratio, quantization type, and granularity, while high-level agents (HLAs) coordinate global budget allocation via ensemble voting guided by Fisher Information-based sensitivity estimates. To mitigate ...

Figma's update adds a new code layer, support for motion and shaders, and the ability to create custom plugins for various tasks using AI.

Figma has unveiled some new design and coding product updates at its annual Config conference that aim to help creatives "push their ideas further" and automate tedious tasks with AI. Part of this is a reimagined canvas that's now optimized for full-stack development, according to Figma, bringing teams, AI agents, tools, and materials "together in one place." Notable callouts include coding layers that let you tweak the code of your projects without leaving the Figma Design canvas, and AI-generated motion graphics effects, which allow you to make animations and transition effects by simply de...

There has been significant recent progress in algorithms for approximation of Nash equilibrium in large two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games and exact computation of Nash equilibrium in multiplayer strategic-form games. While counterfactual regret minimization and fictitious play are scalable to large games and have convergence guarantees in two-player zero-sum games, they do not guarantee convergence to Nash equilibrium in multiplayer games. Recently, an approach has been presented for exact computation of Nash equilibrium in multiplayer imperfect-information games that solves a q...

We introduce Autodata, a general method that enables AI agents to act as data scientists who build high quality training and evaluation data. We show how to train (meta-optimize) such a data scientist agent, so that it learns to create even stronger data. We describe the overall formulation, and a specific practical implementation, Agentic Self-Instruct. We conduct experiments on computer science research tasks, legal reasoning tasks and reasoning with mathematical objects, where we obtain improved results compared to classical synthetic dataset creation methods. Further, meta-optimizing the ...

As multimodal conversational systems increasingly engage in spoken interaction, their ability to navigate paralinguistic social cues has become a critical bottleneck for natural human-AI communication. However, existing evaluations of machine emotional intelligence assess reasoning exclusively through isolated text or passive acoustic perception, overlooking the complex cross-modal reasoning required for active, multi-turn dialogue. We introduce \textsc{SpeechEQ}, a comprehensive framework designed to evaluate the sociolinguistic reasoning of Speech-Language Models (SLMs). The framework inclu...

Automated classification of marine species from underwater imagery is essential for scalable ocean biodiversity monitoring and conservation policy. Existing approaches struggle with severe domain shift across collection platforms, fine-grained visual similarity between closely related species, and uneven annotation granularity, where many specimens can only be identified to genus or a coarser taxonomic rank. We present a taxonomy-aware deep learning framework that aligns both the training loss and the inference rule with the hierarchical structure of biological classification, combining a tax...

Large language models (LLMs) attain remarkable surface fluency on code, yet they neither formally guarantee the syntactic validity of their output nor leverage the hierarchical structure defining the target language. While existing constrained-decoding frameworks address the former, they operate under rigid assumptions that preclude critical lexical mechanisms -- including context-sensitive lexing, maximal-munch tokenization, and keyword extraction -- and only approximate vocabulary masking, sacrificing completeness. For the latter, code LLMs typically inject grammatical structure via predete...

We study whether a scaling-law-style inference-compute frontier appears in limit order book prediction. Using FI-2010 and a suite of models ranging from small decision trees to neural LOB architectures, we find that the realized empirical frontier of predictive loss versus structural forward work is well summarized by a power law. In particular, with MLPLOB held out as an architecture family, a power-law fit to the low- and mid-compute non-MLPLOB frontier extrapolates across multiple orders of magnitude and attains $R^2=0.941$ on the excluded high-compute MLPLOB target frontier. A similar exe...

Large language models are increasingly deployed as investment research assistants, yet no benchmark tests whether they can accurately reconstruct and apply the specific procedural decision frameworks of expert investors. We introduce InvestPhilBench, a multi-layer dynamic benchmark spanning eight cognitive tiers, from principle identification (L1) to novel framework extrapolation (L8). The v0.6 release comprises 118 primary-source-verified investment principle cards, 25 decision framework cards with explicit topology metadata, and 243 QA questions (197 dev / 46 held-out test). For reproducibl...

Multi-agent goal recognition asks an observer to jointly infer which agents act together and what each team is trying to achieve, so the hypothesis space grows combinatorially with the number of team partitions and goals per team. Real applications such as drone surveillance and collaborative robotics expose only the agents' trajectory, which forces the observer to rank team-goal hypotheses from behavior alone. Multi-Agent Goal Recognition with Branch-and-Bound (MAGR-BB) addresses this setting with a shared team- and goal-conditioned policy used as the scoring model inside a factorized branch...

Common first-order optimizers, such as Adam, implicitly treat each parameter block as an unstructured vector, which disregards the multilinear weight structure present in many modern machine learning models. Recent work has shown that exploiting matrix structure can improve optimization dynamics. A notable example is Muon, which performs steepest descent under the spectral norm constraint. We take the next step and introduce Tensorion, a tensor-aware optimizer that extends Muon's constrained optimization perspective from matrices to higher-order tensors. Tensorion is built around a linear min...

Software vulnerability remediation is a cognitively demanding task that requires specialized security expertise often lacking in general developers. In the meantime, Large Language Models (LLMs) assisted tools show potential in vulnerability detection, location, and repair tasks. [Hypothesis:] While LLM-assistance is hypothesized to accelerate patching, it also risks introducing hallucinations or insecure code, leading to a higher likelihood of generating superficial repairs that bypass the standard functionality checks but fail the security validation. [Objective:] We aim to present an empir...

Modern neural network training relies on optimizers such as Adam and Muon which act on each weight matrix as a single object. Yet every weight matrix carries two distinct quantities -- a \emph{magnitude} and a \emph{direction} -- and all optimizers stepping in the matrix as a whole couple their dynamics: the directional change from an update depends on the current magnitude, while the magnitude drifts as a byproduct of learning the direction, so neither is governed directly by the learning rate. Typical training therefore leans on surrounding recipes such as weight decay and warmup to keep le...

Small ($\sim$2B) GUI-grounding agents are attractive for on-device deployment, accessibility tooling, and low-cost iteration, but at this scale they face two open recipe questions: how to obtain bounding-box training data without expensive human annotation, and how to combine supervised fine-tuning with reinforcement learning. We address both, with the explicit goal of pushing small-model performance rather than scaling up. WinDOM is a $54{,}425$-record grounding corpus harvested by driving an open-source Windows 11 web reimplementation under headless Playwright, with bounding boxes read dire...

Large language models are turning from isolated predictors into agentic systems: they call tools, retrieve evidence, obey environment constraints, use verifiers, and complete tasks through search and multi-turn interaction. We adopts an analytical viewpoint based on "compression is intelligence": under a fixed task distribution, interface, and compute budget, a stronger agentic system lets a target object be reconstructed with fewer bits. We operationalize the measure with arithmetic coding, seed coding, and a fallback, and evaluate it in five settings: reversed text, chess moves, protein seq...

Conventional audio pipelines typically treat speech enhancement (SE) and automatic gain control (AGC) as discrete modules, which often limits overall performance. For instance, applying AGC before SE may inadvertently amplify background noise, while prioritizing SE tends to over-suppress low-volume speech. To address these limitations, we propose SE-AGCNet, an end-to-end framework that jointly optimizes SE and AGC. Tailored for meeting scenarios with significant volume variations, SE-AGCNet leverages the synergy between the two tasks: SE preserves quiet speech, thereby facilitating effective ...

Risk stratification for pulmonary embolism (PE) is critical for clinical decision-making. Stratification guidelines are based on patient medical records, parameters measured from computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and blood tests. However, blood tests are often missing in routine practice. This work studies whether state-of-the-art models can accurately classify risk stratification from only medical records and biomarkers extracted from CTPA images. We benchmark different approaches to combine medical records and cardiac biomarkers with rich pulmonary vascular information; we a...

This theoretical note studies the finite axiomatizability of strict majority reasoning in finite social decision frames. Moss and Pedersen (2026) introduce a coherence criterion that characterizes exactly when qualitative majority judgments are representable by a finitely additive measure. The question addressed here is whether that coherence criterion can be replaced, in the finite setting, by any bounded finite fragment. We prove that it cannot. For every $k\ge 1$, we construct a maximal standard frame whose shortest coherence violation has length exactly $2k+2$. Hence there is no uniform f...

Increasing demand for precise and reliable control in complex scenarios has led to the development of increasingly sophisticated controllers, including data-driven approaches employing closed box models and mathematically rigorous yet complex designs. This complexity highlights the needs for explainable control that can provide human-understandable insights into controller behavior. In this paper, an explainable control framework (XCF) along with supporting algorithms and user interface are proposed to explain how controllers determine their control actions and their underlying working mechan...